Publications
MacLean, E. L., Carranza, E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., King, K. M., Allen., A. M., Linde-Krieger, L. B., Feldman, R., White-Traut, R. C., Hammock, E. A. D., Carter, C. S., Leng, G., Tecot, S. R., & Bell, A. F. Neurophysin I is an analytically robust surrogate biomarker for oxytocin. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 161 (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106951 [PDF]
Gnanadesikan, G.E., Carranza, E., King, K.M., Flyer, A.C., Ossello, G., Smith, P.G., Steklis, N.G., Steklis, H.D., Connelly, J.J., Barnett, M., Gee, N., Tecot, S., & MacLean, E.L. Glucocorticoid response to naturalistic interactions between children and dogs. Hormones and Behavior. 16, 105523 (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105523 [PDF]
More DetailsLeighton, S. C., Rodriguez, K. E., Jensen, C. L., MacLean, E. L., Davis, L. W., Ashbeck, E. L., Bedrick, E. J., O’Haire, M. E. (2024). Service dogs for veterans and military members with posttraumatic stress disorder: a nonrandomized controlled trial. JAMA Network Open. 2024;7(6):e2414686. doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14686 [PDF]
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Gnanadesikan, G.E., King, K.M., Carranza, E., Flyer, A.C., Ossello, G., Smith, P.G., Steklis, N.G., Steklis, H.D., Carter, C.S., Connelly, J.J., Barnett, M., Gee, N., Tecot, T., MacLean, E. 2024. Effects of Human-Animal Interaction on Salivary and Urinary Oxytocin in Children and Dogs. Psychoneuroendocrinology. doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107147 [PDF]
More DetailsGnanadesikan, G.E., Bray, E.E., Cook, E.N., Levy, K.M., Douglas, L.E., Kennedy, B.S., Tecot, S.R., & MacLean, E.L. (2024). Basal plasma oxytocin & fecal cortisol concentrations are highly heritable and associated with individual differences in behavior & cognition in dog puppies. Hormones and Behavior. doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105612 [PDF]
More DetailsSalomons, H., Smith, K. C., Callahan-Beckel, M., Callahan, M., Levy, K., Kennedy, B. S., Bray, E. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J., Gruen, M.,Tan, J., White, P., vonHold., B.M., MacLean., E.L., & Hare, B. Response to Hansen Wheat et al.: Additional analysis further supports the early emergence of cooperative communication in dogs compared to wolves raised with more human exposure. Learning & Behavior. 51, 131–134 (2023). doi.org/10.3758/s13420-023-00576-2 [PDF]
More DetailsAlberghina, D., Bray, E. E., Buchsbaum, D., Byosiere, S. E., Espinosa, J., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Guran, C. N., Hare, E., Horschler, D. J., Huber, L., Kuhlmeier, V. A., MacLean, E. L., Pelgrim, M. H., Perez, B., Ravid-Schurr, D., Rothkoff, L., Sexton, C. L., Silver, Z. A., & Stevens, J. R. (2023). ManyDogs Project: A Big Team Science Approach to Investigating Canine Behavior and Cognition. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews. doi.org/10.3819/CCBR.2023.180004 [PDF]
More DetailsGnanadesikan, G.E., Tandon, D., Bray, E.E., Kennedy, B.S, Tennenbaum, S.R., MacLean, E.L., & vonHoldt., B.M., Transposons in the Williams–Beuren Syndrome Critical Region are Associated with Social Behavior in Assistance Dogs. Behavior Genetics (2023). doi.org/10.1007/s10519-023-10166-7 [PDF]
More DetailsBryer, M. A., Koopman, S. E., Cantlon, J. F., Piantadosi, S. T., MacLean, E. L., Baker, J. M., Beran, M. J., Jones, S. M., Jordan, K. E., Mahamane, S., Nieder, A., Perdue, B. M., Range, F., Stevens, J. R., Tomonaga, M., Ujfalussy, D. J., & Vonk, J. (2022). The evolution of quantitative sensitivity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1844), 20200529. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0529 [PDF]
More DetailsGnanadesikan, G. E., Hammock, E. A., Tecot, S. R., Lewis, R. J., Hart, R., Carter, C. S., & MacLean, E. L. (2022). What are oxytocin assays measuring? Epitope mapping, metabolites, and comparisons of wildtype & knockout mouse urine. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 105827. doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105827 [PDF]
More DetailsJensen, C. L., Rodriguez, K. E., MacLean, E. L., Abdul Wahab, A. H., Sabbaghi, A., & O’Haire, M. E. (2022). Characterizing veteran and PTSD service dog teams: Exploring potential mechanisms of symptom change and canine predictors of efficacy. Plos one, 17(7), e0269186. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269186 [PDF]
More DetailsRuple, A., MacLean, E., Snyder-Mackler, N., Creevy, K. E., & Promislow, D. Dog Models of Aging. Annual Reviews of Animal Biosciences 10 (2022): 10:419-439. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-051021-080937 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., Raichlen, D. A., Forsyth, K. K., Promislow, D. E. L., Alexander, G. E., MacLean, E. L., & Dog Aging Project Consortium (2022). Associations between physical activity and cognitive dysfunction: results from the Dog Aging Project. GeroScience. doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00655-8 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D. J., Bray, E. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Byrne, M., Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., & MacLean, E. L. (2022). Dogs re-engage human partners when joint social play is interrupted: a behavioral signature of shared intentionality?. Animal Behaviour, 183, 159-168. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.11.007 [PDF]
More DetailsHerbeck, Y. E., Eliava, M., Grinevich, V., & MacLean, E. L. (2022). Fear, love, and the origins of canid domestication: An oxytocin hypothesis. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 9, 100100. doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100100 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., Gruen, M. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J., Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., Hare, B., & MacLean, E. L. (2021). Dog cognitive development: a longitudinal study across the first 2 years of life. Animal cognition, 24(2), 311-328. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01443-7 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D. J., Santos, L. R., & MacLean, E. L. (2021). How do non-human primates represent others' awareness of where objects are hidden? Cognition, 212, 104658. doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104658 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., Otto, C. M., Udell, M. A. R., Hall, N. J., Johnston, A. M., & MacLean, E. L. (2021). Enhancing the Selection and Performance of Working Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 644431. doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.644431 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J., Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., Famula, T. R., & MacLean, E. L. (2021). Early-emerging and highly heritable sensitivity to human communication in dogs. Current Biology, 31. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.055 [PDF]
More DetailsSalomons, H., Smith, K. C. M., Callahan-Beckel, M., Callahan, M., Levy, K., Kennedy, B. S., Bray, E. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J, Gruen, M., Tan, J., White, P., vonHoldt, B. M., MacLean, E. L., & Hare, B. (2021). Cooperative communication with humans evolved to emerge early in domestic dogs. Current Biology, 31. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.051 [PDF]
More DetailsGnanadesikan, G. E., Hammock, E. A. D., Tecot, S. R., Carter, C. S., MacLean, E. L. (2021). Specificity of plasma oxytocin immunoassays: A comparison of commercial assays and sample preparation techniques using oxytocin knockout and wildtype mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 132, 105368. doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105368 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Fine, A., Herzog, H., Strauss, E., Cobb, M. L. (2021). The New Era of Canine Science: Reshaping Our Relationships With Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 675782. doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.675782 [PDF]
More DetailsHall, N. J., Johnston, A. M., Bray, E. E., Otto, C. M., MacLean, E. L., Udell, M. A. R. (2021). Working Dog Training for the Twenty-First Century. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 646022. doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.646022 [PDF]
More DetailsApplebaum, J. W., MacLean, E. L., & McDonald, S. E. (2021). Love, fear, and the human-animal bond: On adversity and multispecies relationships. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 7, 100071. doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100071 [PDF]
More DetailsStrauss, E. G., McCune, S., MacLean, E. L., & Fine, A. (2021). Editorial: Our Canine Connection: The History, Benefits and Future of Human-Dog Interactions. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 784491. doi.org.10.3389/fvets.2021.784491 [PDF]
More DetailsCarter, C. S., Kenkel, W. M., MacLean, E. L., Wilson, S. R., Perkeybile, A. M., Yee, J. R., … Kingsbury, M. A. (2020). Is Oxytocin “Nature’s” Medicine? Pharmacological Reviews, 72 (4), 829-861. doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.019398 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., Gruen, M. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J, Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., Hare, B. A., MacLean, E. L.(2020). Dog cognitive development: a longitudinal study across the first 2 years of life. Animal Cognition. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01443-7 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D. J., MacLean, E. L., Santos, L. R. (2020). Do non-human primates really represent others’ beliefs? Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 24(8), 594-605. doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.009 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D. J., MacLean, E. L., Santos, L. R. (2020). Advancing gaze-based research on primate theory of mind. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 24(10), 778-779. doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.008 [PDF]
More DetailsByrne M., Bray E. E., MacLean E. L., Johnston A. M., (2020). Evidence for Win-Stay-Lose-Shift in Puppies and Adult Dogs. CogSci. [PDF]
More DetailsWatowich M. M., MacLean, E. L, Hare, B., Call, J., Kaminski, J., Miklósi, A., & Snyder-Mackler, N. (2020). Age influences domestic dog cognitive performance independent of average breed lifespan. Animal Cognition. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01385-0 [PDF]
More DetailsGnanadesikan, G. E., Hare, B., Snyder-Mackler, N., & MacLean, E. L. (2020). Estimating the heritability of cognitive traits across dog breeds reveals highly heritable inhibitory control and communication factors. Animal Cognition, (0123456789). doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01400-4 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., Gruen, M. E., Gnanadesikan, G. E., Horschler, D. J., Levy, K. M., Kennedy, B. S., Hare, B. A., MacLean, E. L. (2020). Cognitive characteristics of 8- to 10-week-old assistance dog puppies. Animal Behaviour, 166, 193–206. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.019 [PDF]
More DetailsGnadadesikan, G., Hare, B., Snyder-Mackler, N., Call, J., Kaminski, J., Miklósi, A., MacLean, E. (2020). Breed differences in dog cognition associated with brain-expressed genes and neurological functions. Integrative and Comparative Biology. icaa112, doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa112 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D.J., Hare, B., Call, J., Kaminski, J., Miklosi, A., Maclean, E.L. (2019). Absolute brain size predicts dog breed differences in executive function. Animal Cognition, 22(2), 187-198. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-018-01234-1 [PDF]
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More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Wilson, S., Martin, W. L., Davis, J. M., Nazarloo, H. P., & Carter, C. S. (2019). Challenges for Measuring Oxytocin: The Blind Men and the Elephant? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 107(May), 225–231. doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.018 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Snyder-Mackler, N., vonHoldt, B. M., & Serpell, J. A. (2019). Highly Heritable and Functionally Relevant Breed Differences in Dog Behavior. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0716 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D. J, & MacLean, E. L., (2019). Leveraging brain – body scaling relationships for comparative studies. Animal Cognition, (0123456789). doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01316-8 [PDF]
More DetailsHorschler, D. J, Santos, L. R., & MacLean, E. L. (2019). Do non-human primates really represent others’ ignorance? A test of the awareness relations hypothesis. Cognition, 190(April), 72–80. doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.012 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E.E, Levy KM, Kennedy BS, Duffy DL, Serpell JA, MacLean EL (2019). Predictive Models of Assistance Dog Training Outcomes Using the Canine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire and a Standardized Temperament Evaluation. Front. Vet. Sci. 6:49. doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00049 [PDF]
More DetailsLucca, K., MacLean, E.L., Hare, B. (2018). The development and flexibility of gaze alternations in bonobos and chimpanzees. Developmental Science, e12598. doi.org/10.1111/desc.12598 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Gesquiere, L. R., Gee, N., Levy, K., Martin, W. L., Carter, C. S. (2018). Validation of salivary oxytocin and vasopressin as biomarkers in domestic dogs. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 293, 67-76. doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.033 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Hare, B. (2018). Enhanced Selection of Assistance and Explosive Detection Dogs Using Cognitive Measures. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5, 236. doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00236 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L. & Nunn, C. L. (2017) Phylogenetic Approaches for Research in Comparative Cognition. In J. Call, G. Burghardt, I. Pepperberg, C. Snowdon & T. Zentall (Eds.), APA Handbook of Comparative Psychology. American Psychological Association. [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Gesquiere, L. R., Gruen, M. E., Sherman, B. L., Martin, W. L., Carter, C. S. (2017). Endogenous Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Aggression in Domestic Dogs. Frontiers in Psychology. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01613 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Gesquiere, L. R., Gee, N. R., Levy, K., Martin, W. L., Carter, C. S. (2017). Effects of Affiliative Human–Animal Interaction on Dog Salivary and Plasma Oxytocin and Vasopressin. Frontiers in Psychology. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01606 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Herrmann, E., Suchindran, S., Hare, B. (2017). Individual differences in cooperative communicative skills are more similar between dogs and humans than chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, 126, 41-51. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.005 [PDF]
More DetailsMacNamara, M. & MacLean, E. L. Selecting Animals for Education Environments. (2017). In N. Gee, A. Fine, & P. McCardle (Eds.) How Animals Help Students Learn: Research and Practice for Educators and Mental Health Professionals. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01366-z [PDF]
More DetailsReddy, R. B., Krupenye, C., MacLean, E. L., Hare, B. (2016). No evidence for contagious yawning in lemurs. Animal Cognition. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L. (2016). Unraveling the evolution of uniquely human cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(23), 6348–6354. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521270113 [PDF]
More DetailsBrandtzaeg, O. K., Johnsen, E., Roberg-Larsen, H., Seip, K. F., MacLean, E. L., Gesquiere, L. R., Leknes, S., Lundanes, E., Wilson, S. R. (2016). Proteomics tools reveal startlingly high amounts of oxytocin in plasma and serum. Scientific Reports, 2016; 6: 31693. doi.org/10.1038/srep31693 [PDF]
More DetailsKrupenye, C., MacLean, E. L., & Hare, B. (2016). Does the bonobo have a (chimpanzee-like) theory of mind? Bonobos: Unique in mind, brain and behavior. Oxford University Press. [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L. & Hare, B. (2016). Comparative Perspectives on Lemur Cognition. In E. Palagi & I. Norscia (Eds.), The Missing Lemur Link: An Ancestral Step in Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press. [PDF]
More DetailsReddy, R. B., MacLean, E. L., Sandel, A. A., & Hare, B. (2015). Social inhibitory control in five lemur species. Primates, 1-12. doi.org/10.1007/s10329-015-0467-1 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., & Hare, B. (2015). Dogs hijack the human bonding pathway. Science, 348(6232), 1-2. doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1200 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E. E., MacLean, E. L., & Hare, B. A. (2015). Increasing arousal enhances inhibitory control in calm but not excitable dogs. Animal cognition, 1-13. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0901-1 [PDF]
More DetailsStewart, L., MacLean, E. L., Ivy, D., Woods, V., Cohen, E., Rodriguez, K., McIntyre, M., Mukherjee, S., Call, J., Kaminski, J., Miklósi, A., Wrangham, W. & Hare, B. (2015). Citizen science as a new tool in dog cognition research. PloS one, 10(9), e0135176. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135176 [PDF]
More DetailsBray, E., MacLean, E. L., & Hare, B. (2014). Context-specificity of inhibitory control in dogs. Animal Cognition, 17:15. doi:10.1007/s10071-013-0633-z [PDF]
MacLean, E. L., Krupenye, C. & Hare., B. (2014). Dogs account for body orientation but not visual barriers when responding to pointing gestures. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 128(3): 285–297. doi.org/10.1037/a0035742 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L. & Hare, B. (2014). Bonobos and chimpanzees exploit helpful but not prohibitive gestures. Behaviour, 152(3-4), 493-520. doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003203 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Hare, B., Nunn, C. L., Addessi, E., Amici, F., Anderson, R. C., Aureli, F., Baker, J. M., Bania, A. E., Barnard, A. M., Boogert, N. J., Brannon, E. M., Bray, E. E., Bray J., Brent, L. J. N., Burkart, J. M., Call J., Cantlon, J. F., Cheke, L. G., Clayton, N. S., Delgado, M. M., DiVincenti, L. J., Fujita, K., Herrmann, E., Hiramatsu, C., Jacobs, L. F., Jordan, K. E., Laude, J. R., Leimgruber, K. L., Messer, E. J. E. , Moura, A. C. de A., Ostojić, L., Picard, A., Platt, M. L., Plotnik, J. M., Range, F., Reader, S. M., Reddy, R. B., Sandel, A. A., Santos, L. R., Schumann, K., Seed, A. M., Sewall, K. B., Shaw, R. C., Slocombe, K. E., Su, Y., Takimoto, A., Tan, J., Tao, R., van Schaik, C. P., Virányi, Z., Visalberghi, E., Wade, J. C., Watanabe, A., Widness, J., Young, J. K., Zentall, T. R., & Zhao, Y. (2014). The Evolution of Self-Control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(20), E2140-E2148. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323533111 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Sandel, A. A., Bray, J., Oldenkamp, R., Reddy, R., & Hare, B. (2013). Group Size Predicts Social but not nonsocial Cognition in Lemurs. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66359. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066359 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L. & Hare, B. (2013). Spontaneous Triadic Engagement in Chimpanzees and Bonobos. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 127(3), 245-255. doi.org/10.1037/a0030935 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Mandalaywala, T., & Brannon, E. (2012). Variance-sensitive choice in lemurs: Constancy trumps quantity. Animal Cognition, 15(1), 1-11. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-011-0425-2 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean E. L., Matthews L., Hare B., Nunn C., Anderson R., Aureli F., Brannon E., Call J., Drea C., Emery N., Haun D., Herrmann E., Jacobs L., Platt M., Rosati A., Sandel A., Schroepfer K., Seed A., Tan J., van Schaik C., Wobber V. (2012) How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology. Animal Cognition, 15: 223, 1-16. doi.org/10.1007/s10071-011-0448-8 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Hare, B. (2012). Bonobos and Chimpanzees Infer the Target of Another's Attention. Animal Behaviour, 83(2), 345-353. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.026 [PDF]
More DetailsMerritt, D., MacLean, E. L., Crawford, J. C., & Brannon, E. M. (2011). Numerical rule-learning in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Frontiers in Comparative Psychology, 2(23), 1-9. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00023 [PDF]
More DetailsSandel, A. A., MacLean, E.L., & Hare, B. (2011). Evidence from four lemur species that ringtailed lemur social cognition converges with that of haplorhine primates. Animal Behaviour, 81(5), 925-931. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.020 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Prior, S. R., Platt, M. L., & Brannon, E. M. (2009). Primate location preference in a double-tier cage: The effects of illumination and cage height. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 12(1), 73-81. doi.org/10.1080/10888700802536822 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Barrickman, N. L., Johnson, E. M., & Wall, C. (2009). Sociality, Ecology, and Relative Brain Size in Lemurs. Journal of Human Evolution, 56(5), 471-478. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.12.005 [PDF]
More DetailsJordan, K. E., MacLean, E. L., & Brannon, E. M. (2008). Monkeys match and tally quantities across senses. Cognition, 108(3), 617-625. doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.05.006 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean, E. L., Merritt, D. J., & Brannon, E. M. (2008). Social organization predicts transitive reasoning in prosimian primates. Animal Behaviour, 76(2), 479-486. doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.025 [PDF]
More DetailsMerritt, D. J., MacLean, E. L., Jaffe, S., & Brannon, E. M. (2007). A comparative analysis of serial ordering in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 121(4), 363-371. doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.4.363 [PDF]
More DetailsMacLean E. L., & Bray, E. E., Ontogeny and Heritability of Cognitive and Behavioral Traits Linked to Success as a Military Working Dog. Defense Technical Information Center. [PDF]
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